Effect of storage temperature of 10% carbamide peroxide gel on bleaching efficacy and enamel surface roughness

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Alves, Thamy Garcia; Oliveira, Lara Pepita de Souza; Silva, Julliana Andrade da; Vieira Junior, Waldemir Francisco; Lima, Débora Alves Nunes Leite, 2025, "Effect of storage temperature of 10% carbamide peroxide gel on bleaching efficacy and enamel surface roughness", https://doi.org/10.25824/redu/IROHAT, Repositório de Dados de Pesquisa da Unicamp , V1, UNF:6:7BbsMNI+2fcAwsG3Bsin2w== [fileUNF]

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Description	Objective of the study: to evaluate the effect of different storage temperatures of a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel on bleaching efficacy and enamel surface roughness by using bovine incisor specimens (4 x 4 x 3mm) who were randomized and allocated to five study groups (n=10): bleaching with bleaching gel (Whiteness Perfect 10%, FGM) without prior storage (WP, positive control), gels stored for three months at temperatures of 25ºC (WP 3m25ºC), 35°C (WP 3m35ºC), and 41°C (WP 3m41ºC), and specimens kept in remineralizing solution (NT, negative control). Color analyses (ΔE , ΔE00 and ΔWID) and roughness (Ra, µm) were performed considering the initial time (T1) and 24 hours after the fourteenth day of bleaching (T2).
Subject	Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
Keyword	Dental bleaching, Tooth bleaching agents, Carbamide peroxide, Product storage
Related Publication	Fioresta R, Melo M, Forner L, Sanz JL. Prognosis in home dental bleaching: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2023 Jul;27(7):3347–61. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05069-0
License/Data Use Agreement	CC BY-NC 4.0

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	Statistical Data.tab Tabular Data - 6.3 KB Published May 27, 2025 1 Download 9 Variables, 51 Observations UNF:6:7BbsMNI+2fcAwsG3Bsin2w== Statistical Data of the study: color and roughness data.	Access File ???file.accessBtn.header.access??? Public Download Options MS Excel Spreadsheet (Original File Format) Tab-Delimited RData ???file.accessBtn.header.metadata??? Variable Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX

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Persistent Identifier	doi:10.25824/redu/IROHAT
Publication Date	2025-05-27
Title	Effect of storage temperature of 10% carbamide peroxide gel on bleaching efficacy and enamel surface roughness
Author	Alves, Thamy Garcia (Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP)) - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9728-3566 Oliveira, Lara Pepita de Souza (Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP)) - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5667-0877 Silva, Julliana Andrade da (Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP)) - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-519X Vieira Junior, Waldemir Francisco (Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP)) - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-3100 Lima, Débora Alves Nunes Leite (Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP)) - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-3347
Point of Contact	Use email button above to contact. Lima, Débora Alves Nunes Leite (Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP)) Alves, Thamy Garcia (Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP))
Description	Objective of the study: to evaluate the effect of different storage temperatures of a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel on bleaching efficacy and enamel surface roughness by using bovine incisor specimens (4 x 4 x 3mm) who were randomized and allocated to five study groups (n=10): bleaching with bleaching gel (Whiteness Perfect 10%, FGM) without prior storage (WP, positive control), gels stored for three months at temperatures of 25ºC (WP 3m25ºC), 35°C (WP 3m35ºC), and 41°C (WP 3m41ºC), and specimens kept in remineralizing solution (NT, negative control). Color analyses (ΔE , ΔE00 and ΔWID) and roughness (Ra, µm) were performed considering the initial time (T1) and 24 hours after the fourteenth day of bleaching (T2).
Subject	Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
Keyword	Dental bleaching Tooth bleaching agents Carbamide peroxide Product storage
Related Publication	Fioresta R, Melo M, Forner L, Sanz JL. Prognosis in home dental bleaching: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2023 Jul;27(7):3347–61. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05069-0 Panhóca VH, de Oliveira BP, Bagnato VS. Dental bleaching efficacy with light application: In vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2015 Sep;12(3):357. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.128 Kwon SR, Wertz PW. Review of the Mechanism of Tooth Whitening. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2015 Sep 13;27(5):240–57. doi: 10.1111/jerd.12152 Dahl JE, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching--a critical review of the biological aspects. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine. 2003 Jul 1;14(4):292–304. doi: 10.1177/154411130301400406 de Geus J, Wambier L, Boing T, Loguercio A, Reis A. At-home Bleaching With 10% vs More Concentrated Carbamide Peroxide Gels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper Dent. 2018 Jul 1;43(4):E210–22. doi: 10.2341/17-222-L Lima FV, Mendes C, Zanetti-Ramos BG, Nandi JK, Cardoso SG, Bernardon JK, et al. Carbamide peroxide nanoparticles for dental whitening application: Characterization, stability and in vivo/in situ evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2019 Jul;179:326–33. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.006 Klein Junior CA. Storage Temperature Influences the Carbamide Peroxide Concentration of at Home Bleaching Agents. Biomed J Sci Tech Res. 2018 Sep 18;9(1). doi: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.09.001750 Sobral-Souza DF, Gouveia THN, Ortiz MIG, Condeles AL, Junior JCT, Franz-Montan M, et al. Altered physical–chemical properties of home bleaching gels after an accelerated stability study and their effects on tooth enamel. Clin Oral Investig. 2022 Aug 24;26(12):7229–42. doi: 10.1007/s00784-022-04683-8 Chisini LA, Conde MCM, Meireles SS, Dantas RVF, Sarmento HR, Della Bona Á, et al. Effect of temperature and storage time on dental bleaching effectiveness. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2019 Jan 31;31(1):93–7. doi: 10.1111/jerd.12439 Hortkoff D, Bittencourt BF, Nadal JM, Gomes OM, Rezende M, de Almeida Farhat P. Clinical Study of Bleaching Gel Storage Temperature on Tooth Color and Sensitivity. Oper Dent. 2019 Sep 1;44(5):459–68. [accessed 29 Jan 2024] Available from: https://meridian.allenpress.com/operative-dentistry/article/44/5/459/10509/Clinical-Study-of-Bleaching-Gel-Storage Freire A, Archegas LRP, de Souza EM, Vieira S. Effect of storage temperature on pH of in-office and at-home dental bleaching agents. Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2009;22(1):27–31. Trentino AC, Soares AF, Duarte MAH, Ishikiriama SK, Mondelli RFL. Evaluation of pH Levels and Surface Roughness After Bleaching and Abrasion Tests of Eight Commercial Products. Photomed Laser Surg. 2015 Jul;33(7):372–7. doi: 10.1089/pho.2014.3869 Vieira-Junior W, Lima D, Tabchoury C, Ambrosano G, Aguiar F, Lovadino J. Effect of Toothpaste Application Prior to Dental Bleaching on Whitening Effectiveness and Enamel Properties. Oper Dent. 2016 Jan 1;41(1):E29–38. doi: 10.2341/15-042-L Gonçalves IMC, Sobral-Souza DF, Roveda Jr AC, Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL. Effect of experimental bleaching gels with polymers Natrosol and Aristoflex on the enamel surface properties. Braz Dent J. 2023 Mar;34(2):56–66. doi: 10.1590/0103-6440202305248 Silva BG, Gouveia THN, da Silva M de AP, Ambrosano GMB, Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL. Evaluation of home bleaching gel modified by different thickeners on the physical properties of enamel: An in situ study. European Journal of Dentistry. 2018 Oct;12(04):523–7. Gouveia THN, Públio J do C, Ambrosano GMB, Paulillo LAMS, Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL. Effect of at-home bleaching with different thickeners and aging on physical properties of a nanocomposite. European Journal of Dentistry. 2016 Jan;10(01):082–91 Lugo-Varillas DDS JG, Tinedo-López DDS MsPL, Watanabe Oshiro DDS MsG, Correa Medina DDS MsPA, Álvarez Vidigal DDS MsPE, Hermoza Novoa DDS MsM. Influence of pH Value of Bleaching Gels on Surface Roughness of Bovine Enamel. Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences. 2019 Nov 22;311–21. doi: 10.15517/ijds.2020.39733 Zeczkowski M, Tenuta LMA, Ambrosano GMB, Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL. Effect of different storage conditions on the physical properties of bleached enamel: An in vitro vs. in situ study. J Dent. 2015 Sep;43(9):1154–61. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.06.004 Lima FV, Mendes C, Zanetti-Ramos BG, Nandi JK, Cardoso SG, Bernardon JK, et al. Carbamide peroxide nanoparticles for dental whitening application: Characterization, stability and in vivo/in situ evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2019 Jul;179:326–33. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.006 Azrak B, Callaway A, Kurth P, Willershausen B. Influence of Bleaching Agents on Surface Roughness of Sound or Eroded Dental Enamel Specimens. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2010 Dec 3;22(6):391–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2010.00372.x Alqahtani MQ. Tooth-bleaching procedures and their controversial effects: A literature review. Saudi Dent J. 2014 Apr;26(2):33–46. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2014.02.002 Eskelsen E, Catelan A, Hernades NMAP, Soares LES, Cavalcanti AN, Aguiar FHB, et al. Physicochemical changes in enamel submitted to pH cycling and bleaching treatment. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2018 Dec;Volume 10:281–6. doi: 10.2147/CCIDE.S184683 Cvikl B, Lussi A, Moritz A, Flury S. Enamel surface changes after exposure to bleaching gels containing carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide. Oper Dent. 2016 Jan 1;41(1):E39–47. doi: 10.2341/15-010-L Al-Angari SS, Eckert GJ, Sabrah AHA. Color stability, Roughness, and Microhardness of Enamel and Composites Submitted to Staining/Bleaching Cycles. Saudi Dent J. 2021 May;33(4):215–21. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.08.003 Sa Y, Sun L, Wang Z, Ma X, Liang S, Xing W, et al. Effects of Two In-Office Bleaching Agents with Different pH on the Structure of Human Enamel: An In Situ and In Vitro Study. Operative Dentistry. 2013 Jan 1;38(1):100–10 Palandi S da S, Kury M, Picolo MZD, Coelho CSS, Cavalli V. Effects of activated charcoal powder combined with toothpastes on enamel color change and surface properties. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2020 Dec 22;32(8):783–90. doi: 10.1111/jerd.12646 Seleem D, Dadjoo S, Ha A, Santos C, Mirfarsi S, Matsumura-Lem K, et al. Effect of 10% Carbamide Peroxide on Tooth Shade, Plaque Index and Gingival Index during Invisalign Treatment. Dent J (Basel). 2021 Apr 26;9(5):48. doi: 10.3390/dj9050048 Motevasselian F, Kermanshah H, Dortaj D, Lippert F. Effect of pH of In-Office Bleaching Gels and Timing of Fluoride Gel Application on Microhardness and Surface Morphology of Enamel. Int J Dent. 2023 Sep 5;2023:1–8. doi: 10.1155/2023/1041889 Bollineni S, Janga R, Venugopal L, Reddy I, Babu Pr, Kumar S. Role of fluoridated carbamide peroxide whitening gel in the remineralization of demineralized enamel: An in vitro study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2014;4(2):117. doi: 10.4103/2231-0762.137638 Lopes IAD, Monteiro PJVC, Mendes JJB, Gonçalves JMR, Caldeira FJF. The effect of different finishing and polishing techniques on surface roughness and gloss of two nanocomposites. Saudi Dent J. 2018 Jul;30(3):197–207. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.04.003
Funding Information	Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico: CNPQ: 123886
Depositor	Garcia Alves, Thamy
Deposit Date	2025-03-31
Declarações obrigatórias sobre ética e privacidade	o projeto que gerou os dados foi aprovado pelo Comite de Ética em Pesquisa da Unicamp ou não envolve questões que requeiram tal aprovação

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